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J Am Acad Orthop Surg, Vol 13, No 7, November 2005, 445-454.
© 2005 the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
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Direct Catastrophic Injury in Sports

Barry P. Boden, MD

Dr. Boden is Adjunct Associate Professor of Surgery, Uniformed Services, University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, and Orthopaedic Surgeon, The Orthopaedic Center, Rockville, MD.

Neither Dr. Boden nor the department with which he is affiliated has received anything of value from or owns stock in a commercial company or institution related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article.

Reprint requests: Dr. Boden, The Orthopaedic Center, 9711 Medical Center Drive, #201, Rockville, MD 20850.

Catastrophic sports injuries are rare but tragic events. Direct (traumatic) catastrophic injury results from participating in the skills of a sport, such as a collision in football. Football is associated with the greatest number of direct catastrophic injuries for all major team sports in the United States. Pole vaulting, gymnastics, ice hockey, and football have the highest incidence of direct catastrophic injuries for sports in which males participate. In most sports, the rate of catastrophic injury is higher at the collegiate than at the high school level. Cheerleading is associated with the highest number of direct catastrophic injuries for all sports in which females participate. Indirect (nontraumatic) injury is caused by systemic failure as a result of exertion while participating in a sport. Cardiovascular conditions, heat illness, exertional hyponatremia, and dehydration can cause indirect catastrophic injury. Understanding the common mechanisms of injury and prevention strategies for direct catastrophic injuries is critical in caring for athletes.






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Copyright © 2005 by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.