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J Am Acad Orthop Surg, Vol 15, No 2, February 2007, 126-134.
© 2007 the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
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The 36-Item Short Form

Alpesh A. Patel, MD, Derek Donegan, MD and Todd Albert, MD

Dr. Patel is Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT. Dr. Donegan is Resident, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA. Dr. Albert is Professor and Chairman, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia.

None of the following authors or the departments with which they are affiliated has received anything of value from or owns stock in a commercial company or institution related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article: Dr. Patel, Dr. Donegan, and Dr. Albert.

Reprint requests: Dr. Patel, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Utah, 590 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108.

The use of patient-derived, objective outcome measures has expanded substantially within the orthopaedic literature. Quality-of-life instruments are categorized as general health or as condition-specific questionnaires. The Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form (SF-36) is a general health-based survey of quality of life. It has been validated, is used widely across medical disciplines, and can be self-administered by the patient with reliability. The SF-36 has been implemented to define disease conditions, to determine the effect of treatment, to differentiate the effect of different treatments, and to compare orthopaedic conditions with other medical conditions. However, a bias of lower over upper extremity function has been demonstrated with the SF-36, as have limitations in assessment of certain physical activities of daily living as well as upper and lower limits on the detection of certain changes in quality-of-life status. Nevertheless, with an adequate knowledge of its effectiveness and limitations, the SF-36 can be a useful tool in many branches of orthopaedic surgery.




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[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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