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J Am Acad Orthop Surg, Vol 16, No 1, January 2008, 4-8.
© 2008 the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
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Xenotransplantation in Orthopaedic Surgery

Cato T. Laurencin, MD, PhD and Saadiq, F. El-Amin, MD, PhD

Dr. Laurencin is University Professor, the Lillian T. Pratt Distinguished Professor, and Chair, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA. Dr. El-Amin is Orthopaedic Surgical Resident, Academic Orthopaedic Training Program, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Virginia.

None of the following authors or a member of their immediate families has received anything of value from or owns stock in a commercial company or institution related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article: Dr. Laurencin and Dr. El-Amin.

Reprint request: Dr. Laurencin, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Virginia, Suite 330, 400 Ray C. Hunt Drive, Charlottesville, VA 22903.

We define xenotransplantation as including any procedure that involves the transplantation, implantation, or infusion into a human recipient of cells, tissues, or organs from a nonhuman animal source or of human body fluids, cells, tissues, or organs that have had ex vivo contact with nonhuman animal cells, tissues, or organs. The current FDA definition of xenotransplantation relates to procedures involving live, nonhuman materials. The proposed use of xenotransplanted tissues for treatment of a wide variety of human diseases is increasing. In orthopaedic surgery, a number of xeno-based products for treatment of musculoskeletal conditions have been cleared by the FDA. Commercially available products include those used as alternatives for bone, cartilage, and soft-tissue repair. Most xenografts are from bovine- or porcine-derived sources. Studies internationally have demonstrated a low relative risk of disease transmission, although there is concern regarding the potential for transmission into humans of agents not considered pathogenic or not detected in animals.






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