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Dr. Sahajpal is Assistant Professor, Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. Dr. Zuckerman is Professor and Chair, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, NY.
Dr. Zuckerman or a member of his immediate family has received royalties from Exactech and is a consultant or employee of Biomimetic, Smith & Nephew, and Progenics. Neither Dr. Sahajpal nor a member of his immediate family has received anything of value from or owns stock in a commercial company or institution related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article.
Reprint requests: Dr. Sahajpal, University of Florida Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Institute, 3450 Hull Road, Gainesville, FL 32605.
The evaluation and management of chronic glenohumeral dislocations can be challenging. By definition, chronic glenohumeral dislocations represent injuries that were not identified at the time of injury. Therefore, the primary goal is to avoid circumstances in which these injuries are not recognized. This includes undertaking a comprehensive clinical evaluation as well as appropriate imaging studies to understand the pathoanatomic changes—specifically, the humeral head impression fracture and any associated glenoid changes. The size of the impression fracture and duration of the dislocation are important factors in determining the appropriate treatment approach. Satisfactory outcomes can be achieved by using a variety of techniques, including open reduction combined with tendon transfers, allograft reconstruction, disimpaction and bone grafting and prosthetic replacement. Equally important, however, is recognizing patients in whom successful outcomes can be achieved with nonsurgical management.
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