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J Am Acad Orthop Surg, Vol 16, No 8, August 2008, 480-489.
© 2008 the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
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Transient Osteoporosis

Anastasios V. Korompilias, MD, Apostolos H. Karantanas, MD, Marios G. Lykissas, MD and Alexandros E. Beris, MD

Dr. Korompilias is Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece. Dr. Karantanas is Associate Professor, Department of Radiology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece. Dr. Lykissas is Resident, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Ioannina. Dr. Beris is Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Ioannina.

None of the following authors or a member of their immediate families has received anything of value from or owns stock in a commercial company or institution related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article: Dr. Korompilias, Dr. Karantanas, Dr. Lykissas, and Dr. Beris.

Reprint requests: Dr. Korompilias, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, PC 45110, Greece.

Transient osteoporosis is characterized primarily by bone marrow edema. The disease most commonly affects the hip, knee, and ankle in middle-aged men. Its cause remains unknown. The hallmark that separates transient osteoporosis from other conditions presenting with a bone marrow edema pattern is its self-limited nature. Laboratory tests usually do not contribute to the diagnosis. Plain radiographs may reveal regional osseous demineralization. Magnetic resonance imaging is used primarily for early diagnosis and monitoring disease progression. Early differentiation from more aggressive conditions with long-term sequelae is essential to avoid unnecessary treatment. Clinical entities such as transient osteoporosis of the hip and regional migratory osteoporosis are spontaneously resolving conditions. However, early differential diagnosis and surgical treatment are crucial for the patient with osteonecrosis of the hip or knee.






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