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J Am Acad Orthop Surg, Vol 9, No 4, July/August 2001, 227-237.
© 2001 the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
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Muscle Contusion Injuries: Current Treatment Options

John M. Beiner, MD and Peter Jokl, MD

Dr. Beiner is Resident, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn. Dr. Jokl is Vice Chairman and Chief, Section of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine.

Reprint requests: Dr. Jokl, Yale University School of Medicine, Suite 600, 1 Long Wharf Drive, New Haven, CT 06511.

Muscle contusion is second only to strain as the leading cause of morbidity from sports-related injuries. Severity depends on the site of impact, the activation status of the muscles involved, the age of the patient, and the presence of fatigue. The diagnosis has traditionally been one of clinical judgment; however, newer modalities, including ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, and spectroscopy, are becoming increasingly important in both identifying and delineating the extent of injury. Although controlled clinical studies are scarce, animal research into muscle contusions has allowed the description of the natural healing process, which involves a complex balance between muscle repair, regeneration, and scar-tissue formation. Studies are being performed to evaluate the effects of anti-inflammatory medications, corticosteroids, operative repair, and exercise protocols. Prevention and treatment of complications such as myositis ossificans have also been stressed, but recognition may improve the outcome of these ubiquitous injuries.




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